JavaScript version
isRelative.js
const isRelative = (path) => !/^([a-z]+:)?[\\/]/i.test(path);
TypeScript version
isRelative.ts
const isRelative = (path: string): boolean => !/^([a-z]+:)?[\\/]/i.test(path);
Examples
examples.js
isRelative('/foo/bar/baz'); // false
isRelative('C:\\foo\\bar\\baz'); // false
isRelative('foo/bar/baz.txt'); // true
isRelative('foo.md'); // true